The development process of soap washing agent

1. Overview of soap washing agent

The soap washing agent and cleaning agent in the printing and dyeing aid are collectively referred to as detergents. At present, the washing agent used in our printing and dyeing industry is generally called a cleaning agent, and the washing after staining or printing is generally called soap washing Prevention.

During the washing process, a series of complex physical -chemical -chemical -chemical (fabric, yarn, etc.) and object surface (fabric, yarn, etc.) and object surfaces (fabrics, yarn, etc.) Such as the functions of wetting, penetration, adsorption, dissolution, emulsification, dispersion, analysis, foaming, etc., and use mechanical effects, the dirt is separated from the surface of the dirt and suspended to the medium, and finally washed the dirt. But at the same time, the washed dirt may be accumulated on the surface of the object. Therefore, the washing process can be seen as a reversible process. The following relationship can be used:

Object-dirt + detergent ←-→ Object-detergent + dirt-detergent

(1) Three -step gathering of fabric (including yarn) dyeing or printing process:

Dyeing (Printing) — Solid color -soap washing.

When dyeing (or printing), I hope that the dyes are full (time, temperature, or printing pressure); the dyes that want to stay on the fabric in the fixation are combined with the fiber (chemical or steam); It is a fixing agent. When soap, I hope that the dye (chemical or slurry) of the fiber surface is fully dissolved in the soap bath.

(2) The purpose of soap washing process

After the cotton fabric or yarn is dyed or printed (active dyes, direct dyes, etc.), there are more unsteady dyes, hydrolyzed dyes, chemicals, and pastes. Otherwise, it will affect the color fastness, brightness, and feel of the fabric. Polyester fabrics must be restored and cleaned after decentralized dye dyeing or printing

After the process, you can achieve the color fastness and brightness.

Hydrolyzed dye (unsteady dyes) adsorb on the surface of the fiber, that is, the so -called floating color, which seriously affects the color fastness, must be washed full.

(3) The specific role of soap washing agent

1. After dyeing cotton fiber with active dyes, the dyes that are not fibrous, hydrolyzed dyes and dyeing additives that are attached to the fiber must be removed.

2. After dyeing or printing with cotton fiber dyes or printing, the unpopular color base, the base phenol and chemicals should be washed full.

3. After dyeing the decentralized dyeing carrier with polyester, the carrier chemicals remaining on the fabric should be fully removed.

4. After the polyester dye is dyed with a decentralized dye, the dyes and chemicals that are not dyed and chemical are fully removed.

5. The printed paste after various fabric prints must be completely removed, and so on.

(4) Basic principles of soap washing process (take active dye dyeing as an example)

The unsteady dyes after dyeing exist:

1. In the capillary network between fabric fibers and fibers (outside);

2. In the pores in the fiber (middle);

3. On the cellulose molecular chain of the touches (inside)

The soap washing process is complicated: not only has physical exchange effects, scarcity, but also physical and chemical effects.

(5) The soap washing process can be divided into two stages: (initial period and washing period):

1. Initial period: fiber surface (outside), low water temperature, large water volume, electrolyte removal;

2. Washing period: Fiber's tutium (middle) and the cellulose molecular chain (inside) of the touches wall, high water temperature, fiber bloating, soap washing agent brought unskilled dyes and chemicals into soap bath.

At the low temperature of the initial period of soap washing, reduce the electrolyte concentration to less than 1-2g/L, then heat the temperature, add the soap washing agent, and then enter the washing period.

If the electrolyte concentration during the washing period is too high, it is not conducive to the rescue of hydrolyzed dyes, but it is necessary to gather dyeing and make the soap washing process imperfect. In particular, the ethylene -type active dye must be cleaned after the fiber is cleaned and then warmed up.

(6) There are six major functions during the soap washing process:

① Infiltration (low surface tension)

② Adsorption (ion key static electricity, hydrogen bond separation floating color)

③ Disposal (floating color scattered in soap washing solution)

④ Combination (improve water quality, metal ions anti -staining)

⑤ washing (reaching dyeing fastness)

6 Decomposition (destroying unskilled dyes)

(7) The specific working principle of soap washing agent during the soap washing process

1. Infiltration function, reduce the interface tension: The soap washing agent must penetrate into the unsteady dyes and fibers, weaken their adhesion, and separate the floating color and fiber.

2. Comparative and decentralized functions: The complexity and decentralization of soap washing agents are dispersed in the washing fluid, and the colloidity properties are used to form a stable suspended dispersing system without reinstating fiber.

3. Adsorption function: The soap washing agent must have a directional adsorption effect, so that the affinity of anti -dipping soap washing agent and floating color dye should be greater than the fiber of the fiber to the floating color, so that the dyes in the residual fluid will not be returned to the fiber, and the fiber will not be paid to the fiber. Essence

4. Clean washing function: The soap washing agent must improve water quality to improve the washing efficiency, thereby achieving various dyeing fastness.

5. Use special enzymes or compounds to decompose unsteady dyes (floating colors) to destroy its hair color group, thereby fully remove its floating color;

6. It can also be used by mechanical effects (ultrasonic or vibration) to fall off from fiber from fiber.

Second, the classification of soap washing agent

The soap washing agent used in the printing and dyeing industry has developed very rapidly and has a wide variety. In addition to its appearance can be divided into two categories of liquid and solids, it can be developed from its application performance classification (need to print and dyeing plant) and its molecular structure (research and development needs).

(1) Classification of the application performance of soap washing agent

The soap washing agent is divided into two categories: soap washing agent and white ground anti -dipped soap washed after staining.

1. Use soap washing agent after dyeing

(1) Single fiber woven staining soap washing agent

a, cotton fiber activated dye dyeing after dyeing:

General soap washing agents, low soap washing agents, acid soap washing agents, low -temperature soap washing agents, anti -dipping soap washing agents, water -saving soap washing agents, soap powder, soap washing enzymes, etc.

b, after the silk acidic dye is stained:

General soap washing agents, low soap washing agents, etc.

C, polyester dye dyeing:

Restore cleaning agent, environmentally friendly restoration cleaning agent

(2) Anti -dipped soap washing agent used after blending, composite fiber, and interlaced fabrics

A, anti -dipping soap washing agent for polyclawing / cotton -interted knitted fabric

B, 棉 / cotton mixed spinning tube gauze dyeing with anti -dipping soap washing agent

C, nylon / cotton -intertwined bath method dyeing

D, PTT / cotton hydro -spinning one bath method dyeing pollutants

E, CDP / PET / Cotton / PA Weiso Platform Embedy Facilities One Bathing Method Dyeing Anti -Sticking Technology

2. The white ground anti -dipping soap washing agent used after printing

(1) Active dyeing white ground anti -dipping soap washing agent used after the cotton fabric prints

(2) Platform -proof soap washing agent used in the white ground after the silk, nylon printing

(3) Disted dyes with white ground to prevent dipping soap washing agent after polyester / cotton print

(4) Cattea dye with white ground anti -dipping soap washing agent after acrylic printing

(5) Full printed towels with white ground anti -dipping soap washing agent

(6) After tie -dyeing printing, use white ground to prevent stained soap washing agent

(2) The development classification of soap washing agent structure can be divided into four categories:

1. Early surfactant soap washing agent (first generation)

2. Synthetic polymer soap washing agent (second generation)

3. Adsorption (ionic adsorption) soap -like washing agent (third generation)

4. Water -saving, energy -saving, environmentally friendly (similar biological enzyme preparation) soap washing agent (fourth generation)