Textile Dyeing Overview

Dyeing definition

Dyeing is the application of dyes or pigments to textile materials, such as fibers, yarns and fabrics, with the aim of obtaining a color with the desired color fastness through physical or chemical effects.

Textile dyeing is the ability to rationally select and use dyes, perform dyeing processing correctly according to the dyeing process, and obtain high-quality dyed products.

Dyeing method

According to the dyeing method, it is divided into dip dyeing and padding.

According to the production and processing links, it can be divided into solid solution dyeing, fiber dyeing, surface dyeing, yarn dyeing, piece dyeing and garment dyeing.

1. dip dye

The textile is immersed in the dye solution for a certain period of time so that the fabric and the dye come into contact with each other and the dye is fixed on the fiber. This dyeing method is suitable for all kinds of textiles (loose fibers, yarns, small batches of fabrics, silk fabrics, woolen fabrics, etc.). It is characterized by intermittent production, low production efficiency, simple equipment and easy operation.

2. Padding

After being briefly immersed in the dye solution, the fabric is pressed into the tissue gaps of the fabric with a roller, and then the excess dye solution is removed to make the dye evenly distributed on the fabric, and then steam or heat melting is performed. This is a continuous dyeing process with high production efficiency and suitable for dyeing a large number of fabrics, but the dyed materials are subjected to high tension. It is usually used for dyeing woven fabrics, and sometimes tows and yarns are dyed with fillers.

3. Solution dyeing

When making chemical fibers (man-made and synthetic fibers), the spinning solution should be prepared first. Usually, the original solution is colorless or white, and the fibers are also white. In order to meet certain needs, we can add colored substances (such as masterbatch) to the original liquid or perform pre-spinning and post-coloring. After thorough mixing and spinning, we can obtain various colored fibers, including short fibers or filaments.

The colored fiber obtained through solution dyeing has stable hue, good color fastness and low production cost, but the large batch size increases the cleaning burden of spinning equipment. As a result, only more common colors such as blue, black and group textiles (such as military) are usually produced, and it is difficult to apply for small batch production due to rapid changes in market demand.

4. Fiber dyeing

Loose fiber dyeing can enrich the color of the product, reduce the color difference of the yarn, and increase the hazy effect of the product, such as wool fiber dyeing, cotton fiber dyeing, etc. The dyeing method is generally dip dyeing, but there is also dip dyeing. The loose fibers are dyed and then spun and weaved to obtain colored spun and colored fabrics.

Top dyeing. During the spinning process (mixing, carding, drawing, roving, spun yarn) after loose fiber dyeing, a small amount of colored fibers will remain in the equipment, which will cause inconvenience to the subsequent cleaning work, so there is also top dyeing. . This technology has matured and is used in wool spinning. In recent years, this process has been used in cotton spinning to produce colored yarn. Top dyeing is also fiber dyeing performed before fiber spinning, and has the same purpose as dyeing loose fibers to obtain a soft mixed color effect. Top dyeing not only gives the yarn a rich color, it also minimizes "honeysuckle". Top dyeing is commonly used for carding wool yarns and wool fabrics.

5. Yarn dyeing

Mainly based on dip dyeing, but can also be done by padding (e.g. denim warp). Yarn dyeing is usually used for yarn-dyed fabrics, sweaters or indirect use yarns (sewing threads, etc.). Yarn-dyed products (woven, knitted, woven) are obtained by first dyeing the yarn and then weaving warp and weft yarns of different colors according to certain rules.

Yarn dyeing is the basis of dyeing and weaving, and there are three methods. Hank dyeing, where loose yarn is soaked in a special dye bath, is an expensive dyeing method. In cone-shaped tube dyeing, the tube containing yarn is loaded into the tube to circulate the dyeing liquid. The fluffy effect and softness are not as good as twisted yarn. Spin dry dyeing is a large-scale roller dyeing that is most suitable for ordinary color and dyed woven fabrics.

6. Piece dyeing

A method of dyeing fabric blanks. Commonly used methods include rope, jet dyeing, roller dyeing, pad dyeing and bias dyeing. Here we only introduce piece dyeing of fabrics.

7. Garment dyeing

garment dyeing

In order to adapt to market demand and respond quickly, or to obtain special styles, fabrics should be pre-treated before dyeing or printing to make clothing. Ready-made garments are dyed by dip dyeing, and both woven and knitted fabrics can be dyed. Garment dyeing is mostly suitable for knitted garments such as knitted socks and T-shirts, and simple garments such as sweaters, pants, and shirts.

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